Manufacturer Background Intellectual Property

Manufacturer Background Intellectual Property. All patents, patent applications, copyrights or trademarks regardless of country of origin, issue or publication, which Manufacturer is able to show by clear and convincing evidence were (i) owned or controlled by Manufacturer on or before the date of this Agreement, or (ii) were conceived by Manufacturer independently of the carrying out of the Project (i.e., without use of or reference or access to Project Technology or Project Intellectual Property).